2017年高考英语二轮复习:被动语态语法讲解

2016-12-23 15:23:34来源:网络

  (四) 含有情态动词的被动语态:

  含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。

  (1)You must hand in your compositions after class.

  Your compositions must be handed in after class.

  (五) 被 动 语 态 的 使 用

  1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by 短语。

  “Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”

  2.突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by 短语。

  These records were made by John Denver.

  The cup was broken by Paul.

  3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,这时常用in + 名词作状语,而代替 by 短语。

  These cars were made in China.

  (六)主动语态变被动语态的方法

  (1) My aunt invited me to her dinner party.

  主语 谓语 宾语

  → I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.

  主语 谓语 宾语

  (2) The school set up a special class to help poor readers.

  → A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.

  1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。

  2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致。

  3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词,在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。

  (七)语态转换时所注意的问题

  1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

  We have bought a new computer.

  A new computer has been bought. (正确)

  A new computer have been bought. (错误)

  2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。

  My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.

  I was given a present on my birthday.

  如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词,如上句还可以说:

  A present was given to me yesterday.

  注意:1.一般在下列动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词 to,如:

  bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。

  (1) The book was showed to the class.

  (2) My bike was lent to her.

  2.一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词 for, 如:

  build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。

  (1) A new skirt was made for me.

  (2) The meat was cooked for us.

  (3) Some country music was played for us.

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