2019高考英语必备知识点：常用副合词及用法

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2019高考英语必备知识点：常用副合词及用法

　　1.high / highly

　　high：“高”，比较具体。highly：“高度地”，比较抽象。例如：

　　例709：He can jump very high. (他能跳得高。)

　　例710：He was highly thought of. (他深受赞誉。)

　　2.deep / deeply

　　deep：“深”，比较具体。deeply：“深深地”，比较抽象。例如：

　　例711：Still water runs deep. (静水流深。)

　　例712：We were deeply moved. (我们深受感动。)

　　3.wide / widely

　　wide：宽，大。widely：广泛地。例如：

　　例713：The fox lay dead， with its mouth wide open. (张大嘴巴)

　　例714：The Chinese language is widely used. (广泛使用)

　　4.late / lately

　　late：晚，迟。lately：最近。例如：

　　例715：He came home late last night.

　　例716：Have you heard from him lately?

　　5.hard / hardly

　　hard：努力。hardly：几乎不。例如：

　　例717：Work hard， and you’ll succeed.

　　例718：We can hardly imagine that.

　　6.near / nearly

　　near：在附近。nearly：几乎。例如：

　　例719：I live near.(我住在附近。)

　　例720：Nearly 1，000 people were trapped in the fire. (将近有一千人被困大火中。)

　　7.close / closely

　　close：靠近。closely：紧紧地，密切地。例如：

　　例721：Come close to me. (请靠近我。)

　　例722：Watch him closely. (请密切关注他。)

　　8.free / freely

　　free：免费，自由地。freely：自如地。例如：

　　例723：The show was arranged to admit free the students from Senior III.

　　(安排高三学生入内免费参观展览。)

　　例724：He can communicate freely with the native speakers. (他能与当地人自如交谈。)

　　9.most / mostly

　　most：最，相当。mostly：大多数。例如：

　　例725：Lesson One is a most difficult lesson. (第一课很难。)比较：

　　例726：They are mostly visiting scientists. (他们大多是来访的科学家。)

　　10.just / justly

　　just：刚刚，仅仅，正好。justly：公正地。例如：

　　例727：I’ve just arrived.

　　例728：I want to be treated justly. (我需要公正对待。)

　　11.a little / a bit

　　用作副词词组时，a little和a bit都有“一点儿”的意思，都可以直接修饰形容词或副词。用作形容词词组时，a little可以直接修饰不可数名词，a bit则必须先加介词of，再加不可数名词;not a little与not a bit的意思相反，前者是“非常”的意思，后者则是“一点儿也不”的意思，分别相当于very much和not at all。例如：

　　例729：I’m feeling a little / a bit nervous.

　　例730：There is still a little / a bit of water left in the jar. (形容词性)

　　例731：—Are you feeling hungry? (饿吗?)

　　—Not a bit， for I’ve just had a rich meal. (不饿，刚吃过大餐。)

　　—Not a little， it’s high time we had lunch. (很饿，早该吃午餐了。)

　　例732：He was not a little tired， so he fell asleep the moment his head touched the pillow.

　　(他很累，所以一躺下就睡着了。)

　　例733：After climbing the mountain， he was a little / a bit thirsty， but not a bit tired.

　　(爬山后，他有点渴，但一点也不累。)

　　12.ago / before

　　ago：在……以前。指从此刻起若干时间以前，通常与过去时态连用。例如：

　　例734：It happened two days ago.

　　before：在……以前。指从那时起若干时间以前，通常与过去完成时态连用。例如：

　　例735：He said that he had seen her two days before.

　　此外，before 也可以泛指以前，与完成时态或过去时态连用。例如：

　　例736：I’ve never heard of such a man before.

　　例737：I met him somewhere before.

　　13.almost / nearly

　　almost：差不多，几乎。有very nearly的意义。例如：

　　例738：He has almost finished his work.

　　例739：Almost no one took any rest.

　　nearly：几乎，将近。所指的差距一般比almost大。例如：

　　例740：It’s nearly five o’clock.

　　注：almost有时可与nearly通用，但almost后可接no， none， nothing， nobody等不定代词，而nearly前则可用not。

　　14.aloud / loud / loudly

　　aloud：出声地(有使能听得到的意味);高声地(有使远处能听得到的意味)。例如：

　　例741：Please read the story aloud.

　　例742：They were shouting aloud.

　　loud：高声地，大声地，响亮地。常指在说笑等方面。例如：

　　例743：He was giving his lecture loud enough.

　　例744：Speak louder.

　　loudly：高声地。有时可与loud通用，但含有喧闹的意味。例如：

　　例745：Someone knocked loudly at the door.

　　例746：I can hardly hear; they are talking loudly.

　　15.altogether / all together

　　altogether：总共(相当于in all)。 all together：一起(比together语气强，相当于completely together)。例如：

　　例747：Altogether there are sixty-six of us here. Now let’s go (all) together.

　　16.always / often / frequently / usually

　　always：永远，总是。与进行式连用时，表示“再三地、老是”等意思，有时表示生气或不耐烦等感情色彩。例如：

　　例748：The sun always rises in the east.

　　例749：The boy is always talking in class. (这孩子老在课堂讲话!)

　　often：时常，常常。强调经常性。例如：

　　例750：He often comes here to see me.

　　例751：Do you often go to the library?

　　frequently：时常，屡次。与often通用，但是强调次数频繁，相当于very often。例如：

　　例752：Business frequently brings him to Shanghai. (因商务，他常到上海来。)

　　例753：He frequently comes here to see her.

　　usually：通常，往常。强调习惯性。例如：

　　例754：He usually comes here at seven o’clock.

　　17.before long / long before

　　before long：很快，不久。可用于各种时态。例如：

　　例755：Before long he had to move on again.

　　例756：I think I’ll meet him before long.

　　long before：很久以前，老早。可单独使用，也可带从句。例如：

　　例757：He said he had seen the film long before. (他说他早看过这部电影。)

　　例758：I had seen the film long before he saw it. (在他看这部电影之前，我早就看过。)

　　注意，以下的long before在意义上是分开的：

　　例759：It won’t be long before we meet again. (我们不久还会见面。)

　　例760：It was not long before he returned to his motherland. (不久他回到祖国。)

　　18.late / later / latest / lately / last / latter

　　late：晚，迟。later：以后，后来(与late的比较级同形)。latest：最新的。lately：最近。last：上一次，最末了。latter：后者。例如：

　　例761：—Have you heard from Jack lately?

　　—Yes， he went to Jamestown on business last week. One night he returned to his hotel late， and met with a robber in the street. He fought bravely. Later， the police came and the latter was seized.

　　—Well， this is the latest news for me!

　　19.no longer / no more

　　no longer：不再，已不。侧重于时间关系，相当于not any longer，当状语。例如：

　　例762：The Greens no longer lives here.

　　no more：不再，再也不。侧重于数量关系;当状语时，相当于not any more，还可以当定语。例如：

　　例763：Since we’ve got no more chances， we’ll not go there any more.

　　(既然我们不再有机会，我们就不再去那里了。)

　　20.still / yet

　　still：仍然，还。表示某事仍在继续之中，多用于肯定句中，常与一般时态、进行时态或完成时态连用;在修饰比较级或加强语气时，可放在被修饰词的前面或后面，此时是“更加”的意思。例如：

　　例764：Just at that moment， he woke up， still shaking from the terrible dream.

　　例765：It was cold yesterday， but today it is still colder / colder still.

　　(昨天很冷，但是今天更冷。)

　　例766：After two hours the dog was still there.

　　例767：The plane still has not taken off. (飞机还没起飞。)

　　例768：Tom’s brother suffered a still worse fate. (汤姆的兄弟命运更糟。)

　　yet：仍然，还(强调某事尚未完成，但不一定要继续，多用于疑问句和否定句中);然而。例如：

　　例769：My task is not yet finished.

　　例770：Though he is over sixty， yet he is strong.

　　21.too / also / as well / either

　　too：也。通常用于肯定句中;常放在句末，但有时为了不引起含糊不清的感觉，把它紧放在所修饰的词之后。例如：

　　例771：Mother was angry too.

　　例772：I， too， have been to Paris. (这里明确表示人家去过巴黎，我也去过。而不是我除了去过某地以外，还去过巴黎。)

　　also：也。通常用于肯定句中;一般靠近动词。例如：

　　例773：He also asked to go.

　　as well：也。通常用于肯定句中;常放在句末，除了在may / might as well搭配中。如：

　　例774：He knows English， and Japanese as well.

　　例775：You might as well take a taxi， if no bus for you. (如果没有公交车，你也可以打的。)

　　either：也。通常用于否定句中，而且要放在句末。例如：

　　例776：If you do not go， I shall not either.

　　22.too much / much too

　　too much：太多(后接不可数名词);太过分(后接for短语)。

　　例777：There is too much work today.

　　例778：The problem is too much for the five-year-old boy.

　　much too：太。比too语气强，相当于far too，rather too等;其后接形容词和副词。例如：

　　例779：The problem is much too difficult for the five-year-old boy.

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